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C Programming

Steve Holmes
University of Strathclyde Computer Centre
Curran Building
100 Cathedral Street
Glasgow

• Contents
• Copyright Notice and Credits
• Introduction
  • About C
  • C and UNIX
  • This Course
  • Dialects of C
    • Common C
    • ANSI C
• A Quick Overview of C
  • A Very Simple Program
  • A Weight Conversion Program
  • Weight Conversion Table Using a Function
  • Weight Conversion with a Prompt
  • Weight Conversion with Command Line Argument
  • Fibonacci Series Using an Array
• Using C with UNIX
  • Writing the Program
  • Compiling the Program
    • The C Compiler (cc)
    • Make, a Program Builder
    • Improved Type Checking Using Lint
  • Running the Program
• Constant and Variable Types
  • Variables
  • Variable Names
  • Global Variables
    • External Variables
  • Static Variables
  • Constants
  • Arrays
• Expressions and Operators
  • Assignment Statement
  • Arithmetic operators
  • Type conversion
  • Comparison
  • Logical Connectors
  • Summary
• Control Statements
  • The if else Statement
  • The switch Statement
  • Loops
  • The while Loop
  • The do while Loop
  • The for Loop
  • The break Statement
  • The continue Statement
  • The goto Statement
• Functions in C
  • Scope of Function Variables
  • Modifying Function Arguments
  • Pointers in C
  • Arrays and Pointers
  • Recursive Functions
• Input and Output
  • The Standard Input Output File
  • Character Input / Output
    • getchar
    • putchar
  • Formatted Input / Output
    • printf
    • scanf
  • Whole Lines of Input and Output
    • gets
    • puts
• Handling Files in C
  • UNIX File Redirection
  • C File Handling - File Pointers
    • Opening a file pointer using fopen
    • Standard file pointers in UNIX
    • Closing a file using fclose
  • Input and Output using file pointers
    • Character Input and Output with Files
    • Formatted Input Output with File Pointers
    • Formatted Input Output with Strings
    • Whole Line Input and Output using File Pointers
  • Special Characters
    • NULL, The Null Pointer or Character
    • EOF, The End of File Marker
  • Other String Handling Functions
  • Conclusion
• Structures in C
  • Defining a Structure
  • Accessing Members of a Structure
  • Structures as Function Arguments
  • Further Uses of Structures
• The C Preprocessor
  • Using #define to Implement Constants
  • Using #define to Create Functional Macros
  • Reading in Other Files using #include
  • Conditional selection of code using #ifdef
    • Using #ifdef for Different Computer Types
    • Using #ifdef to Temporarily Remove Program Statements
• Programs with Several Files
  • Advantages of Using Several Files
  • How to Divide a Program between Several Files
  • Organisation of Data in each File
  • Compiling Multi-File Programs
    • Separate Compilation
  • Using make with Multi-File Programs
• UNIX Library Functions
  • Finding Information about Library Functions
  • Use of Library Functions
  • Some Useful Library Functions
• Precedence of C operators
• Special Characters
• Formatted Input and Output Function Types
• Some Recommended Books
• C Language Keywords
• Usable SUN Systems
• About this document ...